huntrule

PowerShell Module: Obfuscated Environment Variable Expansion via cmd /c set -f Pattern

Alerts when PowerShell module payloads obfuscate execution via cmd /c|/r and environment-variable-based set patterns.

FreeReviewedSigma · High · v2
Product
windows
Category
ps_module
Author
Jonathan Cheong, oscd.community (SigmaHQ), DRL 1.1
Published
2020-10-15
Updated
2026-07-31
AnalysisDetection

ATT&CK techniques

Execution → Defense Evasion

  1. Recon

  2. Resource Dev

  3. Initial Access

  4. Execution

  5. Persistence

  6. Priv Esc

  7. Defense Evasion

  8. Cred Access

  9. Discovery

  10. Lateral Movement

  11. Collection

  12. C2

  13. Exfiltration

  14. Impact

What it detects

This rule identifies PowerShell module activity where the command line payload matches an obfuscated pattern that invokes cmd /c or cmd /r and uses set with variable expansion formatted with -f. The behavior matters because attackers often hide execution details by combining environment variables, string formatting, and cmd-based execution to evade straightforward detection. It relies on PowerShell module telemetry that includes the Payload content for pattern matching against the cmd/set/-f and expansion structure.

Reporting behind it

Related detections9 linkedT1027 — drag to rearrange
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Malicious Emmenhtal JavaScript Loader Spawning Encoded PowerShell
Suspicious Python Interpreter Launching Encoded PowerShell via subprocess
Suspicious PS1Bot PowerShell Payload Written to ProgramData (via file_event)
Malicious Non-Interactive Encoded PowerShell Stager (via process_creation)
Suspicious Hidden PowerShell Executing Substring of Dropped File
PowerShell Encoded or Download-Cradle Command Line (via process_creation)
Obfuscated Encoded PowerShell Payload Deployed - PowerShell (via powershell)
Suspicious PowerShell AES Decryption and Reflective Method Invocation in SolarMarker
PowerShell Module: Obfuscated Environment Variable Expansion via cmd /c set -f Pattern
Pivot detection · T1027 · 9 related

Changelog

v2
  1. v2
    Candidate ingested via manual entry.2026-07-31
  2. v1
    No changelog recorded for this version.2026-07-30

Detection content is published as a reviewed draft. Tune thresholds and exclusions against your own telemetry before enabling this rule for alerting.