Linux Audio Capture via arecord and ecasound (auditd execve and memfd_create)

Detects Linux execution of arecord for audio capture and ecasound using memfd_create for in-memory data handling.

FreeReviewedSigma · Low · v3
Product
linux
Service
auditd
Author
Pawel Mazur, Milad Cheraghi (SigmaHQ), DRL 1.1
Published
2021-09-04
Updated
2026-07-31
title: Linux Audio Capture via arecord and ecasound (auditd execve and memfd_create)
id: 5c831dac-c981-4527-8745-88a5809ca569
status: test
description: This rule flags Linux attempts to capture audio by executing the arecord utility with specific verbose and data-format arguments, and by observing ecasound processes that perform memfd_create. Audio capture is a common collection technique used by attackers to access microphone input without user awareness. The detection relies on auditd telemetry for EXECVE events matching arecord command-line parameters and SYSCALL events where the executing ecasound binary invokes memfd_create.
references:
  - https://linux.die.net/man/1/arecord
  - https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-test-microphone-with-audio-linux-sound-architecture-alsa
  - https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/ecasound/ecasound.1.en.html
  - https://ecasound.seul.org/ecasound/Documentation/examples.html#fconversions
  - https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/blob/master/rules/linux/auditd/lnx_auditd_audio_capture.yml
author: Pawel Mazur, Milad Cheraghi, Huntrule Team
date: 2021-09-04
modified: 2025-12-05
tags:
  - attack.collection
  - attack.t1123
logsource:
  product: linux
  service: auditd
detection:
  selection_execve:
    type: EXECVE
    a0: arecord
    a1: -vv
    a2: -fdat
  selection_syscall_memfd_create:
    type: SYSCALL
    exe|endswith: /ecasound
    SYSCALL: memfd_create
  condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
  - Unknown
level: low
license: DRL-1.1
related:
  - id: a7af2487-9c2f-42e4-9bb9-ff961f0561d5
    type: derived